Rasters are 2D images composed of pixels that treat space as a series of uniform blocks or raster 'cells'. There are 2 branches of spatial data: raster and vector. Context helps understanding, however, so we begin with a brief description of the datasets used. We deliberately focus on visualisation here to give a rapid overview of what is possible using a few datasets, for consistency between the methods. It will normally be done in tandem with other GIS operations. Geographic data visualisation in R is part of a wider process: command line GIS.
To run the code presented in this tutorial you will need to have installed the following packages: Applying the methods to your own datasets is strongly encouraged.
It should also encourage you to experiment and not follow the examples precisely: feel free to expand on certain code chunks or skip some examples. That way you can take ownership of the methods and write them in your style, in a way that is optimised for your learning. I therefore recommend you work through the materials by typing the code chunks into new. Programming is best learned by typing code, running it and experimenting, not by reading long texts or copying and pasting (although these activities can certainly help). Rather than explain the pros, cons and use cases of each, this tutorial gets stuck straight in with the action, after a few introductory notes. These exercises aim to get you up-to-speed with the various ways of visualising spatial data with R.
If you encounter this situation, check the file path to see whether there are any other files located in. There is a special case that, the operating system is a 64-bit system, but you are not sure whether the program is 32-bit or 64-bit. If your operating system is 32-bit, you must download 32-bit files, because 64-bit programs are unable to run in the 32-bit operating system. (Method: Click your original file, and then click on the right key to select "Properties" from the pop-up menu, you can see the version number of the files) If your original file is just corrupted but not lost, then please check the version number of your files. If you know MD5 value of the required files, it is the best approach to make choice
Tip: How to correctly select the file you need